Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Personal Statement Take A Deep Breath - 876 Words
Personal statement Iââ¬â¢m pacing around, in retrospect,ââ¬Å"Take a deep breath. I will be fine,â⬠that how I implied myself in my first exam when I was a freshman in college. That was two years ago, how fast time flies. Thankfully, the college provided me ample opportunities to foster my passion, and the most precious things I learned were about interpersonal skill. In that ensuing years, I won two kinds of scholarships and involved in several extracurricular activities including performed in Global Fest, presented my Honor Program Project, volunteered in UW night market, and be an Economics subject tutor in Tutoring Center. Ultimately, growing up in this environment encouraged me to keep moving forward to achieve my desired academic outcomes andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Looking back, my undergraduate Business education in college has given me a great foundation to understand in that field generally and attracted me to find my current goal, to push me on to the next step. This cannot be truer than in Economics, where world evidence is constantly changing every day. With improving on these skills, I have taken charge of developing myself academically and professionally by remaining engaged, exploring all viable options, and remaining committed to my dream to enter a business apartment. Overall, I strive to empower and equip myself with knowledge through each visit with my tutee and the hope that we made together. I commit myself to extensive study and practice to master the skills of their profession. Thinking about my college life so far, I am enthusiastic to help every student with my knowledge. At the same time, I was fascinated with Economics since working in the tutoring center. The opportunity will allow me to continue to immerse myself in Business. This award encouraged me to keep moving forward with my future Business Economics major study. Whatââ¬â¢s more, that will help me further working and carrying out an idea that I have been planning for a long t ime: to be an business economist. Now, I want to master the skills of Business Economics, work to improve the processes of Economics practice, and successfully educate my clients so they are empowered to choose a better way. 6.The most important part ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Angela Lambert s Keep The Young Alive- But Let The Old Die 940 Words à |à 4 Pagesââ¬Å"I have implored my children not to let me degenerate into a spoon-fed, geriatric foetusâ⬠. A very powerful statement made by Angela Lambert as a subheading for her article ââ¬Å"Keep the young alive- but let the old die in peaceâ⬠. The authorââ¬â¢s intentions and arguments are very clear and specific to the reader, even before having read the actual article. Angela Lambert was a first-rate writer in a number of genres. She was a journalist for the Independent, a United Kingdom based magazine. In her articleRead MoreAnalysis Of Samuel Wallace s Unfinished Business 1250 Words à |à 5 Pagesanniversary was on a Monday. Fortunately, that was the day that Mr. Marin spent alone in his office all morning. He played blackjack with some business associates every Sunday and came to work on Monday hung over. He would, as per norm al, instruct his personal assistant, Emily, that he wanted no interruptions all morning, as he was very busy. However, everybody in the office knew that he was just sleeping off Sunday nightââ¬â¢s bourbon. Monday morning, Samuel crept quietly into the downstairs kitchen whereRead MoreDisadvantages Of Communication1139 Words à |à 5 PagesCommunication Communication in verbal and written form is difficult for me to convey to others. I am the person whom will take you to the barn instead of using the direct path. In communication, there are several questions that need to be asked and answered. First, determine the the purpose. 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Analysis In ââ¬Å"The focused leaderâ⬠, Goleman examines the path that leads us in recognizing our inner feelings, thoughts, and actions. Through his careful observations and deep knowledge of leadership issues, Goleman connected his ideas and thoughts to three relevant subjects on ââ¬Å"focusing on yourself, focusing on others, and focusing on the wider worldâ⬠(p. 52). It is interesting to find out that when we understand ourselvesRead MoreMovie Review 12 Angry Men607 Words à |à 3 Pageshimself had been a victim of such treatment out of held prejudices. One such instance comes in one of the movie scenes as well when juror 7 makes a remark on juror 11 and says ââ¬Å"theyâ⬠are all alike who come running for a life and before you can take a deep breath they get on your head and calls him arrogant. Towards the end juror 10 again makes a long speech on people from the slums and how they can kill for fun and donââ¬â¢t care if somebody gets killed. He calls them children of gutters and points outRead MoreEmotional Intelligence ( Eq )854 Words à |à 4 Pagesemotionally conscious. This writer utilized the Bradberry and Graves (2009) emotional appraisal tool to complete an assessment of own emotional intelligence with a view to set goals and formulate action plans to improve on professional success and personal excellence. According to the reports of the appraisal findings, an overall score of 74 underscores that the writer could build strength in his emotional intelligence with a little improvement effort. The scores of the four skillsets for Self-AwarenessRead MoreSummary Of The Scarlet Letter 1136 Words à |à 5 PagesPuritan societal values and deep rooted beliefs in society, but is a threat to organization and is eventually a source of entropy. In other words, radical individuals do not help society to function. This feeling is constantly displayed by the Puritan magistrates that order Hester to wear the scarlet letter. They believe that the business of establishing and perpetuating a society demands the full efforts of all of its members; there is no time for the indulgence of personal desires (Baym 143). SomeRead MoreThe Star Of An Inconvenient Truth897 Words à |à 4 Pagesaction. Goreââ¬â¢s use of ethos through real-life recordings and graphic simulations support Goreââ¬â¢s claim that his motivation stems from obvious, moral reasons; however, his inclusion of his past failures and mentioning of his recent success through personal flashbacks and first-person narration generates pathos, suggesting that Gore, while inspiring the audience to grow less selfish, ironically seeks validation and self-redemption for his own political shortcomings. Throughout the documentary, Goreââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe, The And, And Universal Warfare966 Words à |à 4 Pagesher soul.â⬠I love thee to the level of everyday s/Most quiet need, by sun and candle-lightâ⬠(lines 5-6) tells that she loves every day all through the day endlessly. Lastly, ââ¬Å"I love thee with the breath,/Smiles, tears, of all my life!(lines 12-13) explains that she loves with all her tears, smile, and breaths that she took in her entire lifetime. I believe that what she described is possible. Love is such a strong feeling that descriptions like that is perfect to explain about the one you love.People
Critically explore some of the issues that should be considered when conducting research in social science Free Essays
Research with children and young people is essential as it can improve the understanding of how they develop and live their lives, also it can add to academic debates and theories, and its outcomes can impact directly and indirectly on the lives of others in similar situations. ââ¬Å"Data about children can only be understood by studying childrenâ⬠(Ross,1998:97) The best way to support the expansion of childrenââ¬â¢s studies for children is to enrol them fully in the research process. (Oakley, 1994: 26). We will write a custom essay sample on Critically explore some of the issues that should be considered when conducting research in social science or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the years, there has been rapid rise in research with children and young people and the increased respect and demand for childrenââ¬â¢s views and outlook in the society alongside the concern about ethics in social science when implementing the research Kellett (2010). Lansdown(1994) also supports this argument by stating that we do have a culture of listening to children . The chosen topic for this essay is issues that are to be considered when researching children and young people and vulnerable groups. The Relevant issues when researching with children includes ethics, consent, the legal structure, power relations and methodology. It is essential to consider and address issues appropriately. Social science research involved the collection, exploration and reporting of information about people and societies. (Yates 1998,p. 3) . There are several number of issues to consider when conducting research in social science according to Alderson Morrow(2007) like privacy and confidentiality, the right selection of participants, consent and the impact the research has on children. Research with children usually tend to emphasis on ethics which moral issue that influence the methodology used governed by the code of practises ( France et al. , 2000) as well as the issues of informed consent and confidentiality (Sieber, 1982) Participants might be harmed as a result of their participation as many vulnerable groups tend to experience distress when talking about their painful experience that happened in their past. (Cooper,1999). The possible harms may include death stress, guilt, reduction in self-respect or self-esteem, unfair treatment, withheld benefits, and slight distress.. Cooper,1999). Relationships with others may be damaged through research (Drake ,2011). One of the main problem in research in social science is that childrenââ¬â¢s views and opinions are not given much importance and usually there is much large manipulation of the researcher in their research (Miles,2011). This was argued by (Clark et al. 2005) he states that children should be seen asââ¬â¢ beingsââ¬â¢ whose opinions and understanding are vital in to listen to and not as adults in the making. Childhood studies research emphasizes the need to recognise children as agents not objects to represent childrenââ¬â¢s voice and to have children properly involved in all stages of researchâ⬠(Gregory et al 2005,p. 98). Informed consent is vital when it comes to research involved with children, as Informed consent is required to protect privacy. Informed consent documents too guarantee that their identities will be protected. Such assurances protect them from blackmail, personal attacks and awkwardness (Sieber 1992). Children require the same level of freedom as adults to refuse participation. Sieber,1982). ââ¬Å"Children who are incapable of giving assent should not be allowed to participate because their participation uses them for the benefit of the society at large while threatening their partially actualized and developing personhood. â⬠(Ross,1998:97). Although a childââ¬â¢s assent alone is not sufficient to carry out the research but parental permission is essential while researching children to ensure protection of the child from possible abuse that could happen during the research process. (Ross,1988). Nelson ,2006) also supports the argument by stating childââ¬â¢s assent can only be used in conjunction with the parental consent. Lansdown (1994) supports the above discussion by stating that children are vulnerable because of their physical weakness and lack of knowledge and experience which allows them to depend upon the adults around them as well as their total lack of political and financial power and their lack of social rights. Factors contributing to the vulnerability of children include the motivations of parents and guardians who enter children into research ( Kirk 2007, Paulson 2006). Another issue that could be faced by children in research according to (Fraser et al, 2004) and Kirk (2007) is the power imbalance between the researcher and the children , but this could be overcome through helping the child to become a part of the research team as well as to make the child to be aware of the reason for participation in the research and to give the child the sense of control by reviewing or repeating to the child how to withdraw if the child doesnââ¬â¢t feels comfortable in the study. (Fraser et al, 2004). Time and flexibility are the key things that is required when researching children and to ensure that the participant have full understanding of the research ( Greene Hogan 2005). There are laws supporting the rights of a child . (Landown,1994).. The law supports the childââ¬â¢s opportunity to be heard in any judicial or governmental procedures affecting the child. The law came into being in 1990 due to the high demand childrenââ¬â¢s voice to solve or understand the issues that affect them. The law has provided a major move in appreciation of children as participants in the society. Landown,1994). BPS code of conduct ethical principles states that approval of children to take part in research should be obtained from parents/ guardians as children are considered along side with the adults with impairmentsââ¬â¢ but there is no mention given to obtain consent for children with impairments. (Minkes et al,1994 ). Another issue in social science research is the sensitive research that often researchers do not effectively address the possible emotional and psychological harm that may result from research that draws strong emotional reactions Lee Renzetti,( 1993). One of the main risks in any research is the effect of a violation of confidentiality. Depending on the sensitivity of the focused area in research, extra care should be taken to guarantee that participants could not be acknowledged. Maintaining the confidentiality is fundamental to ethical research, Kellett (2011)confirmation of research confidentiality can be given about the anonymity of the data, by removing the names of the participant and any identifying information, to meet the concerns of the child and responsible adult. It is suggested that written information should always be provided for the child and responsible adult, and a contact information should be given if they wish to contact the researchers later on. Kellett(2011) Eliminating names and other obvious identifiers does not assure anonymity as sometimes the demographic information can identify participants if the sample size is small. Buchanan (2007) also supports this argument that anonymity cannot be certain as postings can be traced via online search engines. Qualitative method of listening to the participant by exploring and examining their natural environment while conducting research can be one of the best ways to collect quality information especially from children( Willig ,2001). Punch (1994) States ethical failures in qualitative research scarcely occur. Behavior can be viewed directly through some kind of organized observation Focus groups tend to be increasingly successful with children, as children tend to be comfortable and familiar with the process of conversing matters in groups. (Morgan et al. , 2002). Focus groups can be appreciated for their ability to address inherent power differences that can develop in other forms of research such as interviews or questionnaire . (Morgan Gibbs 2002) . One of the main advantage of focus groups is that it enables and allows children to discuss and express their insights into certain topic and their , understandings and experiences. (Barbour Kitzinger,2001)Classroom based focus groups helps to create an informal environment and not school work based which could encouraged their positive contributions to the research study. Although the main disadvantage of focus groups for children according to (Barbour Kitzinger,2001) is that some children take part in the research only for a temporary escape from the classroom . Taking part in focus groups can be an enjoyable experience for children as they explore issues of interest with others who might share common elements of personal knowledge and understanding (Kennedy, Kools, Kruger, 2001) Finally I can conclude is that research with children offers no easy paths but opinion of a child is important for our research of the society as children are a vital part in the construction of the society. The ethical principle that guides us with research with children demands that the research participant must be protected and that any research is necessary to improve our knowledge and understanding of children. This means that research-involving children cannot be ignored, just because we find it difficult to get them to respond in a manner set out by adults. How to cite Critically explore some of the issues that should be considered when conducting research in social science, Essays
Hiring - Firing - Performance Evaluations
Question: Discuss arguments for and against the firing. Also, what disciplinary action, if any, is appropriate for the other employees? Answer: Firing The employee was mainly fired for inappropriate behavior that was executed to spoil the reputation of the company. The employee was mainly badmouthing about the company by posting a video on a major video website that will spoil the reputation of the company (Monroy Rieders, 2014). The negative action by the employee will disrupt the status of the company. The other employees were not inside the office premises and thus they were free to sing silly and raunchy songs. However, capturing the video and posting on video website was a major disciplinary action (Muller, 2013). References Monroy, M., Rieders, L. (2014). Firing an employee: protecting your practice from a lawsuit.Medical economics,91(11), 50-51. Muller, M. (2013).The Manager's Guide to HR: Hiring, Firing, Performance Evaluations, Documentation, Benefits, and Everything Else You Need to Know. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.
Wednesday, April 29, 2020
Result of US
Introduction The United States has had an eventful relationship with countries of Latin America. Latin America has historically been the USââ¬â¢s backyard as far as foreign policy is concerned (Cottam 4).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Result of US-Venezuela Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given its diversity and active politics, various US administrations since Kennedy have focused on different issues including military operations to achieve predetermined political and social ambitions, narcotics control, humanitarian interventions and economic aid to Latin America. Sullivan reinforces Cottamââ¬â¢s suggestion that US policy concerns in Latin America mainly center on US funding for democracy projects, oil issues, human rights concerns, counter-narcotics and concerns about Venezuelaââ¬â¢s involvement in Latin American politics (3). US policy images on Venezuela Relations A keen observer c an easily note that Venezuela features in all the above policy issues. Hugo Chavez had led the country since 1998 safe for a brief period in 2002 when he was overthrown through popular protests and pressure from the military. Given his position as leader of the country, his stance on US policies and his pursuit of populist policies in the country and elsewhere in Latin America, Chavez remains a key figure to success or failure of US policies in Venezuela. Despite close relations between US and Venezuela, there has been friction between him and various US administrations. During all those times, US foreign officials have been careful on their wording on Venezuela, especially stressing on the need for Chavez to accommodate some of the oppositionââ¬â¢s grievances and Chavezââ¬â¢s adherence to democratic principles. It is important to note that the USââ¬â¢s approach in Venezuela is chiefly aimed at ensuring a continued steady supply of oil to the US at a reasonable and stable p rice.Advertising Looking for coursework on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Clemente, some scholars on USââ¬â¢s Latin American policy conclude that US foreign policy officials view Latin American people, including Venezuela as temperamental, immature and incapable of self-governance (60). There is reluctance or plain lack of effort on the part of US officials to try to learn the exact needs of people of Venezuela. Clemente further asserts that many at times, US officials will ascribe negative moral traits to Latin American leaders like Chavez when these leaders oppose policies fronted by the US in South America (60). The above view by US officials fuels the image of inferior people in Venezuela, who have to subscribe to superior and seemingly ââ¬Å"correctâ⬠US direction in the region. This perhaps informed the Bush administrationââ¬â¢s support of the coup in Venezuela and suppo rt for opponents of Chavez in the pretext of promoting democracy. Implications The result of the above approach has been formulation of a somehow flawed US policy on Venezuela that is characteristic of unequal footing and lack of mutual trust. It is fair to conclude that the above image on Venezuela by the US is a little misguided. As such, its policy on the country is also likely to be error-prone, which may not be helpful in the long-term to US interests in the country. The above image by US officials has always been a pretext for intervention in Venezuela (Domingue and Fernandez de Castro 1). As noted earlier, the US has intervened in Venezuela through assistance of anti-Chavez groups that apparently promote democracy. The approach based on the above image has so far elicited unwanted reactions from Venezuela whose leader has embarked on a diplomatic counteroffensive in Latin America to counter US policies. Given the successful fueling of anti-US sentiment in Latin America by Ven ezuela, it is highly likely that US policy in the region will continue to meet resistance on various quarters. There is need for a shift in the thinking of US policymakers concerning the region. Continued basing of the policies on the above images will likely fuel a more interventionist-oriented US approach in South America which is likely to lead to more backlash.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Result of US-Venezuela Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Clement, Christopher. ââ¬Å"Latin American Perspectives: Venezuelan Exceptionalism Revisitedâ⬠. New Perspectives on Politics and Society. 32. 3 (2005): 60-78. Cottam, Martha. Images and Intervention: U.S. Policies in Latin America, Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Press, 1994. Print. Domingue, Jorge, and Fernandez de Castro, Rafael. Contemporary U.S.-Latin American Relations: Cooperation or Conflict in the 21st Century, New York: Taylor and F rancis, 2010. Print. Sullivan, Mark. Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy, Washington: US Congress, 2005. Print. This coursework on Result of US-Venezuela Relations was written and submitted by user Giselle Marsh to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Monday, April 13, 2020
What is Journalism Essay Samples?
What is Journalism Essay Samples?To write an effective journalistic essay, you must first know what journalistic writing is. This implies that you must know what journalistic articles are, and their purpose. This article will discuss what a journalistic essay is.The format of journalistic essay samples depends on the type of article that you are writing. Most of the time, it is the length that matters. Articles are often a few hundred words, although longer articles can be used as well. There are also shorter articles which are classified into short, medium, and long, according to their length.You must first decide on what type of essay you want to write and then prepare your essay for submission. If you want to write about a specific topic, you must include in your essay samples from the same topic. For example, if you want to write about business, you could include pieces about executives and businessmen in your essay samples.One thing that you must bear in mind is to only include factual content that you know and experience. You should not include information that has been reported by other people, or forgery. You must include your own information, in the form of an objective argument, and if you are writing a news article, you should have a strong opinion on the topic.Editorial matters should not be included in your journalistic essay samples. It is usually better to find a writer who specializes in the facts and reporting, or to hire a professional journalist to do it for you. Even if you are editing a magazine article, you must include factual content. However, the facts should be supported by your opinion.Use good grammar, punctuation, and proper sentence structure. These are the most important things to keep in mind when writing. As mentioned above, if you do not use facts and information in your editorial style, they can easily become news and can hurt your chances of getting published.It is always better to get the facts from someone who knows what th ey are talking about, rather than using just your own opinion. Writing information for factual content will help you avoid misinformation and facts, which may end up hurting your reputation. The more you know, the better your work will be. By having an understanding of the basic things, such as what is a factual content and how to write an essay sample, you will be able to succeed in writing journalism essays.
Friday, March 20, 2020
So Cool Essay examples
So Cool Essay examples So Cool Essay examples By the year 1763, the relationship between the US colonies and Britain was strained at best. The people of America began to increasingly see themselves as independent people. During this time period, the British tried desperately to hold onto their investments in North America. They enforced new restrictions and taxes meant to subdue the restless colonies, who responded with new values and ideals that led to the eventually separation from Britain. By 1763, Britain had enforced several taxes in hopes of bringing the colonies back under their full control. This turned about to be a big mistake as it just encouraged the colonists to renew their struggle for complete independence. Around the same time, the French Indian war was coming to a close, and Britain was struggling with money. Both the Sugar and Stamp Acts were passed by Britainââ¬â¢s government, leading to higher taxes on sugar, molasses, and paper products. During this time the Sons and Daughters of Liberty were forme d and began the motions for an independent nation. Another act was eventually passed that pushed the tension to a breaking point. The Tea Act led to the call towards revolution. All in all, the British plan to gain control of the colonies again through various taxes didnââ¬â¢t work; instead, it managed to further alienate the colonies from England and its allies. Further restrictions were also placed on the colonists in order to regain British control. An example of this is the Proclamation of 1763, which prevented colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains. Another enforcement of the British was the Quartering Act, which had colonists housing British soldiers against their will. Americans slowly began losing their rights to the British rule. People were sick of having to bow down fully to the British crown. They began to shape their values towards independence, freedom, and equality. This led to a call to
Wednesday, March 4, 2020
A New List of Anti-Suffragist Reasons
A New List of Anti-Suffragist Reasons Alice Duer Miller, a writer and poet, wrote a column in the early 20th century for theà New York Tribuneà called Are Women People? In this column, she satirized the ideas of the anti-suffrage movement, as a way of promoting womens suffrage. These were published in 1915 in a book by the same name. In this column, she sums up reasons given by the anti-suffrage forces arguing against the womens vote. Millers dry humor comes through as she pairs reasons that contradict each other. Through this simple pairing of mutually contradictory arguments of the anti-suffrage movement, she hopes to show that that their positions are self-defeating. Below these excerpts, youll find additional information about the arguments made. Our Own Twelve Anti-Suffragist Reasons Because no woman will leave her domestic duties to vote.Because no woman who may vote will attend to her domestic duties.Because it will make dissension between husband and wife.Because every woman will vote as her husband tells her to.Because bad women will corrupt politics.Because bad politics will corrupt women.Because women have no power of organization.Because women will form a solid party and outvote men.Because men and women are so different that they must stick to different duties.Because men and women are so much alike that men, with one vote each, can represent their own views and ours too.Because women cannot use force.Because the militants did use force. Reasons #1 and #2 Arguments #1 and #2 are both based on the assumption that a woman has domestic duties, and is based on the separate spheres ideologyà that women belong in the domestic sphere, taking care of the home and the children, while men belong in the public sphere. In this ideology, women ruled the domestic sphere and men the public sphere- women had domestic duties and men had public duties. In this division, voting is part of public duties, and thus not a womans proper place. Both arguments assume that women have domestic duties, and both assume that domestic duties and public duties cannot both be attended to by women. In argument #1, its assumed that all women (all being an obvious exaggeration) will chose to stick with their domestic duties, and thus wont vote even if they win the vote. In argument #2, its assumed that if women are permitted to vote, that they will all then abandon completely their domestic duties. Cartoons of the time often emphasized the latter point, showing men for ced into domestic duties. Reasons #3 and #4 Inà arguments #3 and #4, the common topic is the effect of a womans vote on marriage, and both assume that husband and wife will discuss their votes. The first of these arguments assumes that if the husband and wife differ on how theyll vote, the fact that she is able to actually cast a vote will make for dissension in the marriage- assuming either that he wont care about her disagreement with his vote if he is the only one to cast a vote, or that she wont mention her disagreement unless shes permitted to vote. In the second, its assumed that all husbands have the power to tell their wives how to vote, and that the wives will obey. A third related argument, not documented in Millers list, was that women already had undue influence on voting because they could influence their husbands and then vote themselves, assuming apparently that women had more influence than men than vice versa. The arguments assume different outcomes when a husband and wife disagree about their vote: that the dissension will be a problem only if the woman can vote, that the woman will obey her husband, and in the third argument which Miller doesnt include, that the woman is more likely to shape her husbands vote than vice versa. Not all can be true of all couples who disagree, nor is it a given that husbands will know what their wives votes will be. Or, for that matter, that all women who will vote are married. Reasons #5 and #6 In this time period, machine politics and their corrupting influence was a common theme already. A few argued for the educated vote, assuming that many who were uneducated voted merely as the political machine wanted them to. In the words of one speaker in 1909, documented in theà New York Times,à The great majority of the Republicans and Democrats follow their leader to the polls as the children followed the Pied Piper. The domestic sphere ideology that assigns women to the home and men to public life (business, politics) is also assumed here. Part of this ideology assumes that women are more pure than men, less corrupt, in part because they are not in the public realm.à Women who are not properly in their place are bad women, and thus #5 argues that they will corrupt politics (as if its not corrupt already). Argument #6 assumes that women, protected by not having the vote from the corrupting influence of politics, will become corrupted by participating actively. This ignores that if politics is corrupt, the influence on women is already a negative influence. One key argument of the pro-suffrage activists is that in corrupt politics, the pure motives of women entering the political realm will clean it up. This argument may be criticized as similarly exaggerated and based on assumptions about womens proper place. Reasons #7 and #8 Pro-suffrage arguments included that womens vote would be good for the country because it would lead to needed reforms. Because there was no national experience with what would happen if women could vote, two contradictory predictions were possible by those who opposed womens vote. In reason #7, the assumption was that women were not organized politically, ignoring their organization to win the vote, work for temperance laws, work for social reforms. If women werent organized politically, then their votes wouldnt be very different from those of men, and there would be no effect of women voting. In reason #8, the pro-suffrage argument about the influence of women in voting was seen as something to fear, that what was already in place, supported by the men who voted, could be overturned if women voted. So these two arguments were mutually incompatible: either women would have an effect on the outcome of voting, or they would not. Reasons #9 and #10 In #9, the anti-suffrage argument is back to the separate spheres ideology, that mens sphere and womens spheres are justified because men and women are so different, and thus women are necessarily excluded by their nature from the political realm including voting. In #10, an opposite argument is mustered, that wives will vote the same as their husband anyway, to justify that women voting is unnecessary because men can vote what was sometimes called at the time a family vote. Reason #10 is also in tension with arguments #3 and #4 which assume that wife and husband will often have disagreement about how to vote. Part of the separate spheres argument was that women were by nature more peaceful, less aggressive, and thus unsuited to the public sphere. Or, in contrast, the argument was that women were by nature more emotional, potentially more aggressive and violent, and that women were to be relegated to the private sphere so that their emotions would be held in check. Reasons #11 and #12 Reason #11 assumes that voting sometimes is related to the use of force- voting for candidates who might be pro-war or pro-policing, for instance. Or that politics itself is about force. And then assuming that women are by nature unable to be aggressive or support aggression. Argument #12 justifies being against women voting, pointing to the force used by British and later American suffrage movements. The argument calls up images of Emmeline Pankhurst, women smashing windows in London, and plays into the idea that women are to be controlled by keeping them in the private, domestic sphere. Reductio ad absurdum Alice Duer Millers popular columns on the anti-suffrage arguments often played on similarà reductio ad absurdumà logical argument, attempting to show that if one followed all the anti-suffrage arguments, an absurd and untenable result followed, as the arguments contradicted each other. The assumptions behind some arguments, or the conclusions predicted, were impossible to both be true. Were some of these strawman arguments- that is, a refutation of an argument that wasnt really being made, an inaccurate view of the other sides argument? When Miller characterizes the opposing arguments as implying thatà allà women orà allà couples would do one thing, she may move into strawman territory. While sometimes exaggerating, and perhaps weakening her argument if she were in a merely logical discussion, her purpose was satire- to highlight through her dry humor the contradictions inherent in the arguments against women getting the vote.
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